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- Catcher in the Rye
- Holden and His "Phony" Family
-
- The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, interacts with many people
- throughout J.D. SalingerÆs novel The Catcher in the Rye, but probably
- none have as much impact on him as certain members of his immediate
- family. The ways Holden acts around or reacts to the various members of
- his family give the reader a direct view of HoldenÆs philosophy
- surrounding each member. How do HoldenÆs different opinions of his
- family compare and do his views constitute enough merit to be deemed
- truth?
- Holden makes reference to the word "phony" forty-four separate times
- throughout the novel (Corbett 68-73). Each time he seems to be
- referring to the subject of this metaphor as -- someone who
- discriminates against others, is a hypocrite about something, or has
- manifestations of conformity (Corbett 71). Throughout The Catcher in
- the Rye, Holden describes and interacts with various members of his
- family. The way he talks about or to each gives you some idea of
- whether he thinks they are "phony" or normal. A few of his accounts
- make it more obvious than others to discover how he classifies each
- family member.
- From the very first page of the novel, Holden begins to refer to his
- parents as distant and generalizes both his father and mother frequently
- throughout his chronicle. One example is: "àmy parents would have
- about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything personal about them.
- TheyÆre quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father.
- TheyÆre nice and all û IÆm not saying that û but theyÆre also touchy as
- hell" (Salinger 1). HoldenÆs father is a lawyer and therefore he
- considers him "phony" because he views his fatherÆs occupation
- unswervingly as a parallel of his fatherÆs personality. For example,
- when Holden is talking to Phoebe about what he wants to be when he grows
- up, he cannot answer her question and proceeds to give her his opinion
- about their fatherÆs occupation..
-
- æLawyers are all right, I guess û but it doesnÆt appeal to me,Æ I
- said. æI mean theyÆre all right if they go around saving innocent
- guysÆ lives all the time, and like that, but you donÆt do that kind of
- stuff if youÆre a lawyer. All you do is make a lot of dough and play
- golf and play bridge and buy cars and drink Martinis and look like a
- hot-shot. How would you know you werenÆt being a phony? The trouble
- is, you wouldnÆtÆ (Salinger 172).
-
- When Holden describes his mom, he always seems to do so with a sense of
- compassion yet also with a jeering tone. Holden makes his mom sound
- predictable and insincere. These phony qualities are shown in two
- different examples when Holden is hiding in the closet of D.B.Æs room as
- his mom walks in to tuck in Phoebe:
-
- æHello!Æ I heard old Phoebe say. æI couldnÆt sleep. Did you have a
- good time?Æ
- æMarvelous,Æ my mother said, but you could tell she didnÆt mean it.
- She doesnÆt enjoy herself much when she goes out.
- àÆGood night. Go to sleep now. I have a splitting headache,Æ my
- mother said. She gets headaches quite frequently. She really does
- (Salinger 177-178).
-
- The first two examples are excellent illustrations of how Holden
- classifies people as phonies. However, when it comes to HoldenÆs older
- brother, D.B., more analysis is needed to derive HoldenÆs true feelings
- about his brother. Holden seems to respect his older brother somewhat
- but cannot tolerate the imposed false image brought on by D.B.Æs career
- choice as a screen-play writer. For example, this sense of respect is
- shown when D.B. takes Holden and Phoebe to see Hamlet: "He treated us
- to lunch first, and then he took us. HeÆd already seen it, and the way
- he talked about it at lunch, I was anxious as hell to see it, too"
- (Salinger 117). Holden feels that all movies and shows are false,
- absurdly exaggerated portrayals of reality and subsequently because his
- brother takes part in these perversions of realism, he is a "phony."
- HeÆs in Hollywood. ThatÆs isnÆt too far from this crumby place, and he
- comes over and visits me practically every week endàHeÆs got a lot of
- dough, now. He didnÆt use to. He used to be just a regular writer,
- when he was home (Salinger 1). Now heÆs out in Hollywood, D.B., being
- a prostitute. If thereÆs one thing I hate, itÆs the movies. DonÆt even
- mention them to me (Salinger 2).
- The way that Holden interacts with his sister, Phoebe, and the way
- AllieÆs death still affects Holden are two direct examples of the
- effects sibling relationships create. The relationships people share
- with siblings are often the longest-lasting they will ever have
- (Crispell 1). This idea, multiplied with the fact that Allie and Phoebe
- are young and innocent, is perhaps why Holden has respect for his
- younger siblings and considers them the only wholesome members of his
- family. Whenever Holden seems depressed (which is quite often) he tends
- to turn to his younger siblings for comfort and support. Even though
- Allie is no longer available for actual physical comfort, thinking of
- him makes Holden feel better. These ideas are shown in numerous
- examples throughout the novel. When Holden checks into the hotel and,
- while starting to feel depressed, the first person he wants to call is
- Phoebe but he decides not to because it is so late. "But I certainly
- wouldnÆt have minded shooting the old crap with Phoebe for a while"
- (Salinger 67). HoldenÆs thoughts of Allie are shown with the fact that
- Holden wrote StradlaterÆs composition on "Old AllieÆs baseball mitt"
- (Salinger 38-39). When Holden is talking to Phoebe about what he likes
- is a third example of his close younger sibling relations.
-
- æYou canÆt even think of one thing.Æ
- æYes, I can. Yes, I can.Æ
- æWell, do it, then.Æ
- æI like Allie,Æ I said. æAnd I like doing what IÆm doing right now.
- Sitting here with you, and talking, and thinking about stuffÆ
- (Salinger 171).
-
- From HoldenÆs account, it is obvious that he views the older members of
- his family as phonies and the younger members as icons of truth and
- innocence. Yet trying to completely analyze how Holden truly thinks and
- feels about each member of his family is a task that may not even be
- entirely possible. Holden is the storyteller in SalingerÆs novel.
- Therefore, to what extent can his version be trusted or deemed as fact?
- This idea is addressed through CorbettÆs elucidation:
- "Holden is himself a phony. He is an inveterate liar; he frequently
- masquerades as someone he is not; he fulminates against foibles of which
- he himself is guilty; he frequently vents his spleen about his friends,
- despite the fact that he seems to be advocating the need for charity"
- (71).
- If Holden is a liar and a phony, perhaps his portrayal of each family
- member is totally false. However, his consistent and repetitive accounts
- at least give the reader some idea of how an adolescent boy, facing the
- common experiences and troubles of daily life, views each member of his
- family.
-
-
-
- Works Cited
-
- Corbett, Edward P.J. "Raise High the Barriers, Censors." America, the
- National Catholic Weekly Review 7 Jan. 1961. Rpt. in If You Really Want
- to Know: A "Catcher" Casebook. Ed. Malcolm M. Marsden. Chicago: Scott,
- Foresman, 1963. 68-73.
- Crispell, Diane. "The Sibling Syndrome." American Demographics. Aug.
- 1996. Online. 7 Oct. 1996. Available
- http://www.marketingtools.com/Publications/AD/96_AD/9608_AD/9608AF01.htm
- Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991.